فهرست مطالب
International Journal of Cancer Management
Volume:14 Issue: 5, May 2021
- تاریخ انتشار: 1400/04/31
- تعداد عناوین: 8
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Page 1Background
Wound healing is a complex process and in some patients, it is a long process. Due to the presence of various underlying diseases in patients with cancer, this process is delayed, and as a result, the rate of complications increases. Therefore, some materials are needed to accelerate wound healing. Nowadays efficacy of dry human amniotic membrane in burn wounds and chronic wounds is proven; however, no studies have been performed on the effect of this tissue in the treatment of surgical wounds.
ObjectivesThis study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of dry human amniotic membrane in the secondary repair of urological cancer surgery wounds.
MethodsIn this randomized clinical trial from January 2018 to June 2020, 40 patients who underwent urological cancer surgery and secondary intention wound healing were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups of 20 patients. In the case group, the dry human amniotic membrane was used for dressing wounds, and in the control group, normal dressing without an amniotic membrane was performed. Complications such as infection, sepsis, and reoperation, as well as the duration of wound healing and hospitalization of patients at intervals of 1 week, 1, and 3 months, were compared between the 2 groups.
ResultsThe 2 groups matched in terms of gender, age, and wound location. The mean duration of hospitalization and wound healing was significantly lower in the case group (P < 0.05). The rate of complications was higher in the control group but was not significant.
ConclusionsDry human amniotic membranes due to the accelerated wound healing process and fewer complications could be a good choice for secondary healing of wounds after urological cancer surgery.
Keywords: Cancer, Wound Healing, Surgery, Urology -
Page 2Background
Standardized patient (SP) has been applied to measure learner’s communication challenges such as breaking bad news (BBN). When utilizing SP-based assessment, 2 steps should be considered in SP training; assessing SPs portrayal as the real patient (authenticity) and how SPs checklist fill out reproducibility.
ObjectivesIn this study, we described the process of training authentic and consistent SPs for evaluating oncology fellows’ performance regarding BBN in Iran.
MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 8 eligible SPs took part in a 3-day educational meeting. Four different scenarios were developed regarding cancer patients along with corresponding checklists representing common presentations of illness. The accuracy of SPs portrayal was evaluated by experts, using a previously validated rating scale during observation of their role-playing. The reproducibility of SPs’ portraits was measured, using a test-retest approach. The inter-rater agreement of the SPs’ ability to fill out the BBN scale was measured by comparing the correlation between the SPs, who completed the scale, and oncologist faculty members’ judgments, which is considered a gold standard.
ResultsThe findings of this study indicated that the cut-off score for the SPs’ portrayal validity was 95%. The reliability of SPs portrayal was acceptable (r = 0.89). The inter-rater agreement between SPs and experts in filling the BBN scale (k = 0.82), as well as, the consistency of filling the BBN scale between SP groups were highly acceptable (k = 0.86).
ConclusionsThe present study has demonstrated that if SP is trained appropriately, they shave a high degree of reliability and validity to assess oncology fellows’ performance regarding BBN skills.
Keywords: Assessment, Standardized Patient, Breaking Bad News -
Page 3Background
Sarcomas are a wide group of tumors with a mesenchymal origin, accounting for 1% of all adult malignancies.
ObjectivesThis study examined the incidence rates and distribution patterns of morphological subtypes and primary sites of soft tissue and bone sarcomas in a 6-years period in the total population of Iran.
MethodsThe data was retrieved from the Iranian National Cancer Registry (INCR). A total of 14630 patients were identified with either bone or soft tissue sarcoma during 2009 - 2014. The morphological and topographical classifications were based on the ICD-O-3 and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The crude and age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) were calculated.
ResultsThe combined crude incidence was calculated 3.2/100,000, and for STS and BS was 2.7 and 0.5 per 100,000 individuals, respectively, increasing with the age. Among the patients, 16.47 and 83.53% of cases had BS and STS, respectively with male predilection. The ASIR calculated 2.8 and 2.6 for STS and 0.51 and 0.37 for BS in males and females, respectively. Sarcoma, osteosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, and spindle cell sarcoma were the most common morphologies. The connective tissue of the lower limb, long bone of the lower limb, skin, and uterus were the most frequent primary tumor sites. The majority of tumors were of unknown/undifferentiated grade (grade 9), then grade 3, 1, 2, 4, and score 0 had the highest frequencies, respectively. The highest ASIR of sarcoma was detected in Khuzestan, Kohgiloyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Isfahan, Tehran, Fars, and Khorasan Razavi provinces. Analysis of the incidence trends showed a slight increase over the study period.
ConclusionsThese findings can help better diagnose and management of sarcoma patients throughout Iran.
Keywords: Iran, Epidemiology, Sarcoma -
Page 4Background
Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme induced in pathological states, mediates the production of prostaglandins. Celecoxib as a selective COX-2 inhibitor may affect the outcome of treatments in several cancer types.
ObjectivesWe conducted a randomized controlled double-blind clinical trial to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of celecoxib administered concurrently with chemoradiation in locally advanced head and neck carcinomas.
MethodsPatients with locally advanced head and neck carcinoma referred for definitive chemoradiation were eligible to enter the study. Celecoxib (100mg, qid, oral) or placebo was administered all over the chemoradiation period.
ResultsTotally, 122 patients were enrolled. Patients in the celecoxib group had a longer median time to onset of grade 2 mucositis (56 days vs. 28 days, P < 0.001) and a lower rate of grade 3 mucositis (1.6% vs. 21.3%, P = 0.001). The 4-year progression-free survival was significantly higher in the celecoxib group (P = 0.0013).
ConclusionsThis study revealed that utilizing celecoxib may lead to better tumor local control and delayed and reduced mucosal side effects of chemoradiation.
Keywords: Mucositis, Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors, Progression-free Survival, Head, Neck Neoplasms -
Page 5Background
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent form of malignant neoplasia diagnosed in ages 0 to 14 years old. Efforts have not yet converted into a better prospect. Bone marrow relapse is still the leading cause of person-year of life lost in this malignancy.
ObjectivesThis study aimed at identifying the associated risk factors for relapse and mortality for pediatric patients with ALL in standard and high-risk groups.
MethodsThis study included a cohort of pediatric (0 - 16 years old) patients with ALL referred to Sheikh Hospital, Mashhad, Iran from 2007 to 2016. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory information were considered. Hazard ration (HR) with 95% highest posterior density region was obtained, using a Bayesian competing risks model.
ResultsOf 424 patients with a mean age of 5.56 ± 3.75 years, 172 (40%) were female. Median follow-up time was 43.29 months, 10.6% had a relapse, and 17.2% had mortality related to ALL. Relapse-free survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 97, 91, and 88%, respectively. Overall survival rates were 86, 83, and 82%, respectively. In the standard-risk group, tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) significantly increased either the relapse risk [HR: 13.47 (2.05 - 67.54)] or mortality risk [HR: 19.57 (2.24 - 32.18)]. In the high-risk group, the higher level of hemoglobin, platelet, and lactic acid dehydrogenase was significantly associated with higher relapse risk. TLS was associated with a higher risk of mortality in high-risk groups.
ConclusionsIt was suggested that TLS was a predictor for the disease relapse as well as mortality in pediatric patients with ALL. However, further evaluation on the larger population of patients is demanded to ascertain the precision of such parameters in leukemic management strategies.
Keywords: Mortality, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Relapse, Survival Analysis -
Page 6Background
Lung cancer (LC) is a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. One of the predisposing factors for LC is smoking. Metformin is the first line for diabetes treatment and is shown that it can be used for nicotine withdrawal syndrome reduction.
ObjectivesThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of metformin on reducing the nicotine withdrawal syndrome and increasing nicotine abstinence in patients with LC.
MethodsIn a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial from February 2018 to May 2019, 53 patients with LC were selected by respondent-driven sampling (RDS), and were assigned into two experimental and wait-list control (WLC) group through block randomization (BR). After 3 weeks of baseline assessment, metformin or placebo was prescribed in the form of escalating doses. Cigarette Withdrawal Scale (CWS-21), urinary cotinine levels, and exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) levels were evaluated in 16 steps by the repeated measures. The primary outcomes include metformin efficacy on cigarette withdrawal syndrome and secondary outcomes include urinary cotinine levels and eCO level. The data were analyzed by generalized estimation equation (GEE), chi-square, and Atlas-Ti5.
ResultsThe primary outcomes showed that the metformin group had significant effects on the improvement of depression, anxiety, craving, irritability, and appetite, difficulty in concentrating, appetite-weight, and insomnia during the 12-weeks treatment period (all P's < 0.05). In addition, only cravings scores remained constant until the 6-month follow-up (P < 0.05). Secondary outcomes demonstrated that urinary cotinine levels and eCO level significantly decreased in the metformin group (all P's < 0.05). However, this decrease did not remain constant at both levels until the 6-month follow-up (P > 0.05).
ConclusionsMetformin had a clinical potential for reducing nicotine withdrawal. However, more studies are needed.
Keywords: Metformin L, ung Neoplasm, Smoking Cessation -
Page 7Background
Colorectal cancers are the third common malignancies after lung and breast neoplasms. Some contributing factors for pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer have been defined. Despite various studies in this era, there are few studies on the location of tumors.
ObjectivesRegarding the high prevalence of colorectal cancer in Iran and the importance of neoadjuvant chemoradiation for survival and morbidity, this study was carried out to determine the association between pathologic complete response and tumor location in patients with rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
MethodsIn this prospective cohort, 100 cases with rectal adenocarcinoma from 2017 to 2019 were enrolled. Distance between anal verge and tumor was measured by clinical examination, colonoscopy, endo-sonography, and MRI. Tumors were defined as distal (less than 5 cm from the anal verge) and none distal (more than 5 cm from the anal verge). Another subdivision was inferior (0 - 4.99 cm), middle (5 - 9.99 cm), and superior (10 - 15 cm). The pathological response was compared across the groups.
ResultsIn this study, the pCR was seen in 30%. In univariate analysis body mass index (BMI), grade, N-stage, and distance from anal verge were related to pCR. In cases with BMI over 25 kg/m2 and in tumors with low to medium grade N0/N1, and distance less than 5 cm from the anal verge (low lying tumors) the pCR to neoadjuvant treatment was higher. In multivariate analysis tumor grade, N stage, and distance from anal verge were still related to pCR.
ConclusionsAccording to the obtained results in this study, there may be some association between rectal tumor location and pathologic complete response.
Keywords: Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy, Rectal Cancer, Tumor Location -
Page 8Introduction
Wilms tumor is the most common kidney cancer in children, but Wilms's tumors that extend by direct intravascular spread into the right side of the heart are rare and at this stage, they require the cardiac surgeons’ intervention.
Case PresentationThe patient was a 2-year-old girl who was hospitalized due to fever and abdominal pain that had started 2 weeks before admission. Patient’s full abdominal exams revealed a large mass in the right kidney with a thrombus tumor in the entire inferior vena cava which was extended into the right atrium. Patient completed 8 weeks of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. After chemotherapy no changes was noted in renal mass and tumor thrombus. As, the thrombosis in the atrium was loose and there was a high risk of pulmonary embolism, emergency surgery was needed. Two pediatric and cardiac teams, simultaneously performed the surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass and cardiac arrest. Both kidney mass and the thrombus tumor were completely removed. Patient followed up for 5 years after surgery and no surgical complications, tumor recurrence, or metastasis were observed during that period.
ConclusionsAlthough surgical intervention and tumor resection leads to good prognosis, multimodality management and multidisciplinary approach gives the best results.
Keywords: Cardiac Surgery, Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Tumor Thrombus, Right Atrium, Wilms' Tumor